(function (global, factory) {
	typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? module.exports = factory() :
	typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(factory) :
	(global.i18next = factory());
}(this, (function () { 'use strict';

var _typeof = typeof Symbol === "function" && typeof Symbol.iterator === "symbol" ? function (obj) {
  return typeof obj;
} : function (obj) {
  return obj && typeof Symbol === "function" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? "symbol" : typeof obj;
};











var classCallCheck = function (instance, Constructor) {
  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {
    throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function");
  }
};









var _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {
  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
    var source = arguments[i];

    for (var key in source) {
      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {
        target[key] = source[key];
      }
    }
  }

  return target;
};



var inherits = function (subClass, superClass) {
  if (typeof superClass !== "function" && superClass !== null) {
    throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not " + typeof superClass);
  }

  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {
    constructor: {
      value: subClass,
      enumerable: false,
      writable: true,
      configurable: true
    }
  });
  if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass;
};











var possibleConstructorReturn = function (self, call) {
  if (!self) {
    throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");
  }

  return call && (typeof call === "object" || typeof call === "function") ? call : self;
};





var slicedToArray = function () {
  function sliceIterator(arr, i) {
    var _arr = [];
    var _n = true;
    var _d = false;
    var _e = undefined;

    try {
      for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {
        _arr.push(_s.value);

        if (i && _arr.length === i) break;
      }
    } catch (err) {
      _d = true;
      _e = err;
    } finally {
      try {
        if (!_n && _i["return"]) _i["return"]();
      } finally {
        if (_d) throw _e;
      }
    }

    return _arr;
  }

  return function (arr, i) {
    if (Array.isArray(arr)) {
      return arr;
    } else if (Symbol.iterator in Object(arr)) {
      return sliceIterator(arr, i);
    } else {
      throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance");
    }
  };
}();

var consoleLogger = {
  type: 'logger',

  log: function log(args) {
    this._output('log', args);
  },
  warn: function warn(args) {
    this._output('warn', args);
  },
  error: function error(args) {
    this._output('error', args);
  },
  _output: function _output(type, args) {
    if (console && console[type]) console[type].apply(console, Array.prototype.slice.call(args));
  }
};

var Logger = function () {
  function Logger(concreteLogger) {
    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};
    classCallCheck(this, Logger);

    this.init(concreteLogger, options);
  }

  Logger.prototype.init = function init(concreteLogger) {
    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};

    this.prefix = options.prefix || 'i18next:';
    this.logger = concreteLogger || consoleLogger;
    this.options = options;
    this.debug = options.debug === false ? false : true;
  };

  Logger.prototype.setDebug = function setDebug(bool) {
    this.debug = bool;
  };

  Logger.prototype.log = function log() {
    this.forward(arguments, 'log', '', true);
  };

  Logger.prototype.warn = function warn() {
    this.forward(arguments, 'warn', '', true);
  };

  Logger.prototype.error = function error() {
    this.forward(arguments, 'error', '');
  };

  Logger.prototype.deprecate = function deprecate() {
    this.forward(arguments, 'warn', 'WARNING DEPRECATED: ', true);
  };

  Logger.prototype.forward = function forward(args, lvl, prefix, debugOnly) {
    if (debugOnly && !this.debug) return;
    if (typeof args[0] === 'string') args[0] = prefix + this.prefix + ' ' + args[0];
    this.logger[lvl](args);
  };

  Logger.prototype.create = function create(moduleName) {
    var sub = new Logger(this.logger, _extends({ prefix: this.prefix + ':' + moduleName + ':' }, this.options));

    return sub;
  };

  // createInstance(options = {}) {
  //   return new Logger(options, callback);
  // }

  return Logger;
}();



var baseLogger = new Logger();

var EventEmitter = function () {
	function EventEmitter() {
		classCallCheck(this, EventEmitter);

		this.observers = {};
	}

	EventEmitter.prototype.on = function on(events, listener) {
		var _this = this;

		events.split(' ').forEach(function (event) {
			_this.observers[event] = _this.observers[event] || [];
			_this.observers[event].push(listener);
		});
	};

	EventEmitter.prototype.off = function off(event, listener) {
		var _this2 = this;

		if (!this.observers[event]) {
			return;
		}

		this.observers[event].forEach(function () {
			if (!listener) {
				delete _this2.observers[event];
			} else {
				var index = _this2.observers[event].indexOf(listener);
				if (index > -1) {
					_this2.observers[event].splice(index, 1);
				}
			}
		});
	};

	EventEmitter.prototype.emit = function emit(event) {
		for (var _len = arguments.length, args = Array(_len > 1 ? _len - 1 : 0), _key = 1; _key < _len; _key++) {
			args[_key - 1] = arguments[_key];
		}

		if (this.observers[event]) {
			var cloned = [].concat(this.observers[event]);
			cloned.forEach(function (observer) {
				observer.apply(undefined, args);
			});
		}

		if (this.observers['*']) {
			var _cloned = [].concat(this.observers['*']);
			_cloned.forEach(function (observer) {
				var _ref;

				observer.apply(observer, (_ref = [event]).concat.apply(_ref, args));
			});
		}
	};

	return EventEmitter;
}();

function makeString(object) {
  if (object == null) return '';
  return '' + object;
}

function copy(a, s, t) {
  a.forEach(function (m) {
    if (s[m]) t[m] = s[m];
  });
}

function getLastOfPath(object, path, Empty) {
  function cleanKey(key) {
    return key && key.indexOf('###') > -1 ? key.replace(/###/g, '.') : key;
  }

  var stack = typeof path !== 'string' ? [].concat(path) : path.split('.');
  while (stack.length > 1) {
    if (!object) return {};

    var key = cleanKey(stack.shift());
    if (!object[key] && Empty) object[key] = new Empty();
    object = object[key];
  }

  if (!object) return {};
  return {
    obj: object,
    k: cleanKey(stack.shift())
  };
}

function setPath(object, path, newValue) {
  var _getLastOfPath = getLastOfPath(object, path, Object),
      obj = _getLastOfPath.obj,
      k = _getLastOfPath.k;

  obj[k] = newValue;
}

function pushPath(object, path, newValue, concat) {
  var _getLastOfPath2 = getLastOfPath(object, path, Object),
      obj = _getLastOfPath2.obj,
      k = _getLastOfPath2.k;

  obj[k] = obj[k] || [];
  if (concat) obj[k] = obj[k].concat(newValue);
  if (!concat) obj[k].push(newValue);
}

function getPath(object, path) {
  var _getLastOfPath3 = getLastOfPath(object, path),
      obj = _getLastOfPath3.obj,
      k = _getLastOfPath3.k;

  if (!obj) return undefined;
  return obj[k];
}

function deepExtend(target, source, overwrite) {
  for (var prop in source) {
    if (prop in target) {
      // If we reached a leaf string in target or source then replace with source or skip depending on the 'overwrite' switch
      if (typeof target[prop] === 'string' || target[prop] instanceof String || typeof source[prop] === 'string' || source[prop] instanceof String) {
        if (overwrite) target[prop] = source[prop];
      } else {
        deepExtend(target[prop], source[prop], overwrite);
      }
    } else {
      target[prop] = source[prop];
    }
  }return target;
}

function regexEscape(str) {
  return str.replace(/[\-\[\]\/\{\}\(\)\*\+\?\.\\\^\$\|]/g, '\\$&');
}

/* eslint-disable */
var _entityMap = {
  "&": "&amp;",
  "<": "&lt;",
  ">": "&gt;",
  '"': '&quot;',
  "'": '&#39;',
  "/": '&#x2F;'
};
/* eslint-enable */

function escape(data) {
  if (typeof data === 'string') {
    return data.replace(/[&<>"'\/]/g, function (s) {
      return _entityMap[s];
    });
  } else {
    return data;
  }
}

var ResourceStore = function (_EventEmitter) {
  inherits(ResourceStore, _EventEmitter);

  function ResourceStore() {
    var data = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};
    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : { ns: ['translation'], defaultNS: 'translation' };
    classCallCheck(this, ResourceStore);

    var _this = possibleConstructorReturn(this, _EventEmitter.call(this));

    _this.data = data;
    _this.options = options;
    return _this;
  }

  ResourceStore.prototype.addNamespaces = function addNamespaces(ns) {
    if (this.options.ns.indexOf(ns) < 0) {
      this.options.ns.push(ns);
    }
  };

  ResourceStore.prototype.removeNamespaces = function removeNamespaces(ns) {
    var index = this.options.ns.indexOf(ns);
    if (index > -1) {
      this.options.ns.splice(index, 1);
    }
  };

  ResourceStore.prototype.getResource = function getResource(lng, ns, key) {
    var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {};

    var keySeparator = options.keySeparator || this.options.keySeparator;
    if (keySeparator === undefined) keySeparator = '.';

    var path = [lng, ns];
    if (key && typeof key !== 'string') path = path.concat(key);
    if (key && typeof key === 'string') path = path.concat(keySeparator ? key.split(keySeparator) : key);

    if (lng.indexOf('.') > -1) {
      path = lng.split('.');
    }

    return getPath(this.data, path);
  };

  ResourceStore.prototype.addResource = function addResource(lng, ns, key, value) {
    var options = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : { silent: false };

    var keySeparator = this.options.keySeparator;
    if (keySeparator === undefined) keySeparator = '.';

    var path = [lng, ns];
    if (key) path = path.concat(keySeparator ? key.split(keySeparator) : key);

    if (lng.indexOf('.') > -1) {
      path = lng.split('.');
      value = ns;
      ns = path[1];
    }

    this.addNamespaces(ns);

    setPath(this.data, path, value);

    if (!options.silent) this.emit('added', lng, ns, key, value);
  };

  ResourceStore.prototype.addResources = function addResources(lng, ns, resources) {
    for (var m in resources) {
      if (typeof resources[m] === 'string') this.addResource(lng, ns, m, resources[m], { silent: true });
    }
    this.emit('added', lng, ns, resources);
  };

  ResourceStore.prototype.addResourceBundle = function addResourceBundle(lng, ns, resources, deep, overwrite) {
    var path = [lng, ns];
    if (lng.indexOf('.') > -1) {
      path = lng.split('.');
      deep = resources;
      resources = ns;
      ns = path[1];
    }

    this.addNamespaces(ns);

    var pack = getPath(this.data, path) || {};

    if (deep) {
      deepExtend(pack, resources, overwrite);
    } else {
      pack = _extends({}, pack, resources);
    }

    setPath(this.data, path, pack);

    this.emit('added', lng, ns, resources);
  };

  ResourceStore.prototype.removeResourceBundle = function removeResourceBundle(lng, ns) {
    if (this.hasResourceBundle(lng, ns)) {
      delete this.data[lng][ns];
    }
    this.removeNamespaces(ns);

    this.emit('removed', lng, ns);
  };

  ResourceStore.prototype.hasResourceBundle = function hasResourceBundle(lng, ns) {
    return this.getResource(lng, ns) !== undefined;
  };

  ResourceStore.prototype.getResourceBundle = function getResourceBundle(lng, ns) {
    if (!ns) ns = this.options.defaultNS;

    // TODO: COMPATIBILITY remove extend in v2.1.0
    if (this.options.compatibilityAPI === 'v1') return _extends({}, this.getResource(lng, ns));

    return this.getResource(lng, ns);
  };

  ResourceStore.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON() {
    return this.data;
  };

  return ResourceStore;
}(EventEmitter);

var postProcessor = {

  processors: {},

  addPostProcessor: function addPostProcessor(module) {
    this.processors[module.name] = module;
  },
  handle: function handle(processors, value, key, options, translator) {
    var _this = this;

    processors.forEach(function (processor) {
      if (_this.processors[processor]) value = _this.processors[processor].process(value, key, options, translator);
    });

    return value;
  }
};

function convertInterpolation(options) {

  options.interpolation = {
    unescapeSuffix: 'HTML'
  };

  options.interpolation.prefix = options.interpolationPrefix || '__';
  options.interpolation.suffix = options.interpolationSuffix || '__';
  options.interpolation.escapeValue = options.escapeInterpolation || false;

  options.interpolation.nestingPrefix = options.reusePrefix || '$t(';
  options.interpolation.nestingSuffix = options.reuseSuffix || ')';

  return options;
}

function convertAPIOptions(options) {
  if (options.resStore) options.resources = options.resStore;

  if (options.ns && options.ns.defaultNs) {
    options.defaultNS = options.ns.defaultNs;
    options.ns = options.ns.namespaces;
  } else {
    options.defaultNS = options.ns || 'translation';
  }

  if (options.fallbackToDefaultNS && options.defaultNS) options.fallbackNS = options.defaultNS;

  options.saveMissing = options.sendMissing;
  options.saveMissingTo = options.sendMissingTo || 'current';
  options.returnNull = options.fallbackOnNull ? false : true;
  options.returnEmptyString = options.fallbackOnEmpty ? false : true;
  options.returnObjects = options.returnObjectTrees;
  options.joinArrays = '\n';

  options.returnedObjectHandler = options.objectTreeKeyHandler;
  options.parseMissingKeyHandler = options.parseMissingKey;
  options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey = true;

  options.nsSeparator = options.nsseparator || ':';
  options.keySeparator = options.keyseparator || '.';

  if (options.shortcutFunction === 'sprintf') {
    options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler = function (args) {
      var values = [];

      for (var i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
        values.push(args[i]);
      }

      return {
        postProcess: 'sprintf',
        sprintf: values
      };
    };
  }

  options.whitelist = options.lngWhitelist;
  options.preload = options.preload;
  if (options.load === 'current') options.load = 'currentOnly';
  if (options.load === 'unspecific') options.load = 'languageOnly';

  // backend
  options.backend = options.backend || {};
  options.backend.loadPath = options.resGetPath || 'locales/__lng__/__ns__.json';
  options.backend.addPath = options.resPostPath || 'locales/add/__lng__/__ns__';
  options.backend.allowMultiLoading = options.dynamicLoad;

  // cache
  options.cache = options.cache || {};
  options.cache.prefix = 'res_';
  options.cache.expirationTime = 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
  options.cache.enabled = options.useLocalStorage ? true : false;

  options = convertInterpolation(options);
  if (options.defaultVariables) options.interpolation.defaultVariables = options.defaultVariables;

  // TODO: deprecation
  // if (options.getAsync === false) throw deprecation error

  return options;
}

function convertJSONOptions(options) {
  options = convertInterpolation(options);
  options.joinArrays = '\n';

  return options;
}

function convertTOptions(options) {
  if (options.interpolationPrefix || options.interpolationSuffix || options.escapeInterpolation) {
    options = convertInterpolation(options);
  }

  options.nsSeparator = options.nsseparator;
  options.keySeparator = options.keyseparator;

  options.returnObjects = options.returnObjectTrees;

  return options;
}

function appendBackwardsAPI(i18n) {
  i18n.lng = function () {
    baseLogger.deprecate('i18next.lng() can be replaced by i18next.language for detected language or i18next.languages for languages ordered by translation lookup.');
    return i18n.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(i18n.language)[0];
  };

  i18n.preload = function (lngs, cb) {
    baseLogger.deprecate('i18next.preload() can be replaced with i18next.loadLanguages()');
    i18n.loadLanguages(lngs, cb);
  };

  i18n.setLng = function (lng, options, callback) {
    baseLogger.deprecate('i18next.setLng() can be replaced with i18next.changeLanguage() or i18next.getFixedT() to get a translation function with fixed language or namespace.');
    if (typeof options === 'function') {
      callback = options;
      options = {};
    }
    if (!options) options = {};

    if (options.fixLng === true) {
      if (callback) return callback(null, i18n.getFixedT(lng));
    }

    i18n.changeLanguage(lng, callback);
  };

  i18n.addPostProcessor = function (name, fc) {
    baseLogger.deprecate('i18next.addPostProcessor() can be replaced by i18next.use({ type: \'postProcessor\', name: \'name\', process: fc })');
    i18n.use({
      type: 'postProcessor',
      name: name,
      process: fc
    });
  };
}

var Translator = function (_EventEmitter) {
  inherits(Translator, _EventEmitter);

  function Translator(services) {
    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};
    classCallCheck(this, Translator);

    var _this = possibleConstructorReturn(this, _EventEmitter.call(this));

    copy(['resourceStore', 'languageUtils', 'pluralResolver', 'interpolator', 'backendConnector'], services, _this);

    _this.options = options;
    _this.logger = baseLogger.create('translator');
    return _this;
  }

  Translator.prototype.changeLanguage = function changeLanguage(lng) {
    if (lng) this.language = lng;
  };

  Translator.prototype.exists = function exists(key) {
    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : { interpolation: {} };

    if (this.options.compatibilityAPI === 'v1') {
      options = convertTOptions(options);
    }

    return this.resolve(key, options) !== undefined;
  };

  Translator.prototype.extractFromKey = function extractFromKey(key, options) {
    var nsSeparator = options.nsSeparator || this.options.nsSeparator;
    if (nsSeparator === undefined) nsSeparator = ':';
    var keySeparator = options.keySeparator || this.options.keySeparator || '.';

    var namespaces = options.ns || this.options.defaultNS;
    if (nsSeparator && key.indexOf(nsSeparator) > -1) {
      var parts = key.split(nsSeparator);
      if (nsSeparator !== keySeparator || nsSeparator === keySeparator && this.options.ns.indexOf(parts[0]) > -1) namespaces = parts.shift();
      key = parts.join(keySeparator);
    }
    if (typeof namespaces === 'string') namespaces = [namespaces];

    return {
      key: key,
      namespaces: namespaces
    };
  };

  Translator.prototype.translate = function translate(keys) {
    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};

    if ((typeof options === 'undefined' ? 'undefined' : _typeof(options)) !== 'object') {
      options = this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler(arguments);
    } else if (this.options.compatibilityAPI === 'v1') {
      options = convertTOptions(options);
    }

    // non valid keys handling
    if (keys === undefined || keys === null || keys === '') return '';
    if (typeof keys === 'number') keys = String(keys);
    if (typeof keys === 'string') keys = [keys];

    // separators
    var keySeparator = options.keySeparator || this.options.keySeparator || '.';

    // get namespace(s)

    var _extractFromKey = this.extractFromKey(keys[keys.length - 1], options),
        key = _extractFromKey.key,
        namespaces = _extractFromKey.namespaces;

    var namespace = namespaces[namespaces.length - 1];

    // return key on CIMode
    var lng = options.lng || this.language;
    var appendNamespaceToCIMode = options.appendNamespaceToCIMode || this.options.appendNamespaceToCIMode;
    if (lng && lng.toLowerCase() === 'cimode') {
      if (appendNamespaceToCIMode) {
        var nsSeparator = options.nsSeparator || this.options.nsSeparator;
        return namespace + nsSeparator + key;
      }

      return key;
    }

    // resolve from store
    var res = this.resolve(keys, options);

    var resType = Object.prototype.toString.apply(res);
    var noObject = ['[object Number]', '[object Function]', '[object RegExp]'];
    var joinArrays = options.joinArrays !== undefined ? options.joinArrays : this.options.joinArrays;

    // object
    if (res && typeof res !== 'string' && noObject.indexOf(resType) < 0 && !(joinArrays && resType === '[object Array]')) {
      if (!options.returnObjects && !this.options.returnObjects) {
        this.logger.warn('accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!');
        return this.options.returnedObjectHandler ? this.options.returnedObjectHandler(key, res, options) : 'key \'' + key + ' (' + this.language + ')\' returned an object instead of string.';
      }

      // if we got a separator we loop over children - else we just return object as is
      // as having it set to false means no hierarchy so no lookup for nested values
      if (options.keySeparator || this.options.keySeparator) {
        var copy$$1 = resType === '[object Array]' ? [] : {}; // apply child translation on a copy

        for (var m in res) {
          copy$$1[m] = this.translate('' + key + keySeparator + m, _extends({}, options, { joinArrays: false, ns: namespaces }));
        }
        res = copy$$1;
      }
    }
    // array special treatment
    else if (joinArrays && resType === '[object Array]') {
        res = res.join(joinArrays);
        if (res) res = this.extendTranslation(res, key, options);
      }
      // string, empty or null
      else {
          var usedDefault = false,
              usedKey = false;

          // fallback value
          if (!this.isValidLookup(res) && options.defaultValue !== undefined) {
            usedDefault = true;
            res = options.defaultValue;
          }
          if (!this.isValidLookup(res)) {
            usedKey = true;
            res = key;
          }

          // save missing
          if (usedKey || usedDefault) {
            this.logger.log('missingKey', lng, namespace, key, res);

            var lngs = [];
            var fallbackLngs = this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng, options.lng || this.language);
            if (this.options.saveMissingTo === 'fallback' && fallbackLngs && fallbackLngs[0]) {
              for (var i = 0; i < fallbackLngs.length; i++) {
                lngs.push(fallbackLngs[i]);
              }
            } else if (this.options.saveMissingTo === 'all') {
              lngs = this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(options.lng || this.language);
            } else {
              //(this.options.saveMissingTo === 'current' || (this.options.saveMissingTo === 'fallback' && this.options.fallbackLng[0] === false) ) {
              lngs.push(options.lng || this.language);
            }

            if (this.options.saveMissing) {
              if (this.options.missingKeyHandler) {
                this.options.missingKeyHandler(lngs, namespace, key, res);
              } else if (this.backendConnector && this.backendConnector.saveMissing) {
                this.backendConnector.saveMissing(lngs, namespace, key, res);
              }
            }

            this.emit('missingKey', lngs, namespace, key, res);
          }

          // extend
          res = this.extendTranslation(res, key, options);

          // append namespace if still key
          if (usedKey && res === key && this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey) res = namespace + ':' + key;

          // parseMissingKeyHandler
          if (usedKey && this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler) res = this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(res);
        }

    // return
    return res;
  };

  Translator.prototype.extendTranslation = function extendTranslation(res, key, options) {
    var _this2 = this;

    if (options.interpolation) this.interpolator.init(_extends({}, options, { interpolation: _extends({}, this.options.interpolation, options.interpolation) }));

    // interpolate
    var data = options.replace && typeof options.replace !== 'string' ? options.replace : options;
    if (this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables) data = _extends({}, this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables, data);
    res = this.interpolator.interpolate(res, data, this.language);

    // nesting
    res = this.interpolator.nest(res, function () {
      for (var _len = arguments.length, args = Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {
        args[_key] = arguments[_key];
      }

      return _this2.translate.apply(_this2, args);
    }, options);

    if (options.interpolation) this.interpolator.reset();

    // post process
    var postProcess = options.postProcess || this.options.postProcess;
    var postProcessorNames = typeof postProcess === 'string' ? [postProcess] : postProcess;

    if (res !== undefined && postProcessorNames && postProcessorNames.length && options.applyPostProcessor !== false) {
      res = postProcessor.handle(postProcessorNames, res, key, options, this);
    }

    return res;
  };

  Translator.prototype.resolve = function resolve(keys) {
    var _this3 = this;

    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};

    var found = void 0;

    if (typeof keys === 'string') keys = [keys];

    // forEach possible key
    keys.forEach(function (k) {
      if (_this3.isValidLookup(found)) return;

      var _extractFromKey2 = _this3.extractFromKey(k, options),
          key = _extractFromKey2.key,
          namespaces = _extractFromKey2.namespaces;

      if (_this3.options.fallbackNS) namespaces = namespaces.concat(_this3.options.fallbackNS);

      var needsPluralHandling = options.count !== undefined && typeof options.count !== 'string';
      var needsContextHandling = options.context !== undefined && typeof options.context === 'string' && options.context !== '';

      var codes = options.lngs ? options.lngs : _this3.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(options.lng || _this3.language);

      namespaces.forEach(function (ns) {
        if (_this3.isValidLookup(found)) return;

        codes.forEach(function (code) {
          if (_this3.isValidLookup(found)) return;

          var finalKey = key;
          var finalKeys = [finalKey];

          var pluralSuffix = void 0;
          if (needsPluralHandling) pluralSuffix = _this3.pluralResolver.getSuffix(code, options.count);

          // fallback for plural if context not found
          if (needsPluralHandling && needsContextHandling) finalKeys.push(finalKey + pluralSuffix);

          // get key for context if needed
          if (needsContextHandling) finalKeys.push(finalKey += '' + _this3.options.contextSeparator + options.context);

          // get key for plural if needed
          if (needsPluralHandling) finalKeys.push(finalKey += pluralSuffix);

          // iterate over finalKeys starting with most specific pluralkey (-> contextkey only) -> singularkey only
          var possibleKey = void 0;
          while (possibleKey = finalKeys.pop()) {
            if (_this3.isValidLookup(found)) continue;
            found = _this3.getResource(code, ns, possibleKey, options);
          }
        });
      });
    });

    return found;
  };

  Translator.prototype.isValidLookup = function isValidLookup(res) {
    return res !== undefined && !(!this.options.returnNull && res === null) && !(!this.options.returnEmptyString && res === '');
  };

  Translator.prototype.getResource = function getResource(code, ns, key) {
    var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {};

    return this.resourceStore.getResource(code, ns, key, options);
  };

  return Translator;
}(EventEmitter);

function capitalize(string) {
  return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1);
}

var LanguageUtil = function () {
  function LanguageUtil(options) {
    classCallCheck(this, LanguageUtil);

    this.options = options;

    this.whitelist = this.options.whitelist || false;
    this.logger = baseLogger.create('languageUtils');
  }

  LanguageUtil.prototype.getScriptPartFromCode = function getScriptPartFromCode(code) {
    if (!code || code.indexOf('-') < 0) return null;

    var p = code.split('-');
    if (p.length === 2) return null;
    p.pop();
    return this.formatLanguageCode(p.join('-'));
  };

  LanguageUtil.prototype.getLanguagePartFromCode = function getLanguagePartFromCode(code) {
    if (!code || code.indexOf('-') < 0) return code;

    var p = code.split('-');
    return this.formatLanguageCode(p[0]);
  };

  LanguageUtil.prototype.formatLanguageCode = function formatLanguageCode(code) {
    // http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-tags/language-tags.xhtml
    if (typeof code === 'string' && code.indexOf('-') > -1) {
      var specialCases = ['hans', 'hant', 'latn', 'cyrl', 'cans', 'mong', 'arab'];
      var p = code.split('-');

      if (this.options.lowerCaseLng) {
        p = p.map(function (part) {
          return part.toLowerCase();
        });
      } else if (p.length === 2) {
        p[0] = p[0].toLowerCase();
        p[1] = p[1].toUpperCase();

        if (specialCases.indexOf(p[1].toLowerCase()) > -1) p[1] = capitalize(p[1].toLowerCase());
      } else if (p.length === 3) {
        p[0] = p[0].toLowerCase();

        // if lenght 2 guess it's a country
        if (p[1].length === 2) p[1] = p[1].toUpperCase();
        if (p[0] !== 'sgn' && p[2].length === 2) p[2] = p[2].toUpperCase();

        if (specialCases.indexOf(p[1].toLowerCase()) > -1) p[1] = capitalize(p[1].toLowerCase());
        if (specialCases.indexOf(p[2].toLowerCase()) > -1) p[2] = capitalize(p[2].toLowerCase());
      }

      return p.join('-');
    } else {
      return this.options.cleanCode || this.options.lowerCaseLng ? code.toLowerCase() : code;
    }
  };

  LanguageUtil.prototype.isWhitelisted = function isWhitelisted(code, exactMatch) {
    if (this.options.load === 'languageOnly' || this.options.nonExplicitWhitelist && !exactMatch) {
      code = this.getLanguagePartFromCode(code);
    }
    return !this.whitelist || !this.whitelist.length || this.whitelist.indexOf(code) > -1 ? true : false;
  };

  LanguageUtil.prototype.getFallbackCodes = function getFallbackCodes(fallbacks, code) {
    if (!fallbacks) return [];
    if (typeof fallbacks === 'string') fallbacks = [fallbacks];
    if (Object.prototype.toString.apply(fallbacks) === '[object Array]') return fallbacks;

    if (!code) return fallbacks.default || [];

    // asume we have an object defining fallbacks
    var found = fallbacks[code];
    if (!found) found = fallbacks[this.getScriptPartFromCode(code)];
    if (!found) found = fallbacks[this.formatLanguageCode(code)];
    if (!found) found = fallbacks.default;

    return found || [];
  };

  LanguageUtil.prototype.toResolveHierarchy = function toResolveHierarchy(code, fallbackCode) {
    var _this = this;

    var fallbackCodes = this.getFallbackCodes(fallbackCode || this.options.fallbackLng || [], code);

    var codes = [];
    var addCode = function addCode(code) {
      var exactMatch = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : false;

      if (!code) return;
      if (_this.isWhitelisted(code, exactMatch)) {
        codes.push(code);
      } else {
        _this.logger.warn('rejecting non-whitelisted language code: ' + code);
      }
    };

    if (typeof code === 'string' && code.indexOf('-') > -1) {
      if (this.options.load !== 'languageOnly') addCode(this.formatLanguageCode(code), true);
      if (this.options.load !== 'languageOnly' && this.options.load !== 'currentOnly') addCode(this.getScriptPartFromCode(code), true);
      if (this.options.load !== 'currentOnly') addCode(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(code));
    } else if (typeof code === 'string') {
      addCode(this.formatLanguageCode(code));
    }

    fallbackCodes.forEach(function (fc) {
      if (codes.indexOf(fc) < 0) addCode(_this.formatLanguageCode(fc));
    });

    return codes;
  };

  return LanguageUtil;
}();

// definition http://translate.sourceforge.net/wiki/l10n/pluralforms
/* eslint-disable */
var sets = [{ lngs: ['ach', 'ak', 'am', 'arn', 'br', 'fil', 'gun', 'ln', 'mfe', 'mg', 'mi', 'oc', 'tg', 'ti', 'tr', 'uz', 'wa'], nr: [1, 2], fc: 1 }, { lngs: ['af', 'an', 'ast', 'az', 'bg', 'bn', 'ca', 'da', 'de', 'dev', 'el', 'en', 'eo', 'es', 'es_ar', 'et', 'eu', 'fi', 'fo', 'fur', 'fy', 'gl', 'gu', 'ha', 'he', 'hi', 'hu', 'hy', 'ia', 'it', 'kn', 'ku', 'lb', 'mai', 'ml', 'mn', 'mr', 'nah', 'nap', 'nb', 'ne', 'nl', 'nn', 'no', 'nso', 'pa', 'pap', 'pms', 'ps', 'pt', 'pt_br', 'rm', 'sco', 'se', 'si', 'so', 'son', 'sq', 'sv', 'sw', 'ta', 'te', 'tk', 'ur', 'yo'], nr: [1, 2], fc: 2 }, { lngs: ['ay', 'bo', 'cgg', 'fa', 'id', 'ja', 'jbo', 'ka', 'kk', 'km', 'ko', 'ky', 'lo', 'ms', 'sah', 'su', 'th', 'tt', 'ug', 'vi', 'wo', 'zh'], nr: [1], fc: 3 }, { lngs: ['be', 'bs', 'dz', 'hr', 'ru', 'sr', 'uk'], nr: [1, 2, 5], fc: 4 }, { lngs: ['ar'], nr: [0, 1, 2, 3, 11, 100], fc: 5 }, { lngs: ['cs', 'sk'], nr: [1, 2, 5], fc: 6 }, { lngs: ['csb', 'pl'], nr: [1, 2, 5], fc: 7 }, { lngs: ['cy'], nr: [1, 2, 3, 8], fc: 8 }, { lngs: ['fr'], nr: [1, 2], fc: 9 }, { lngs: ['ga'], nr: [1, 2, 3, 7, 11], fc: 10 }, { lngs: ['gd'], nr: [1, 2, 3, 20], fc: 11 }, { lngs: ['is'], nr: [1, 2], fc: 12 }, { lngs: ['jv'], nr: [0, 1], fc: 13 }, { lngs: ['kw'], nr: [1, 2, 3, 4], fc: 14 }, { lngs: ['lt'], nr: [1, 2, 10], fc: 15 }, { lngs: ['lv'], nr: [1, 2, 0], fc: 16 }, { lngs: ['mk'], nr: [1, 2], fc: 17 }, { lngs: ['mnk'], nr: [0, 1, 2], fc: 18 }, { lngs: ['mt'], nr: [1, 2, 11, 20], fc: 19 }, { lngs: ['or'], nr: [2, 1], fc: 2 }, { lngs: ['ro'], nr: [1, 2, 20], fc: 20 }, { lngs: ['sl'], nr: [5, 1, 2, 3], fc: 21 }];

var _rulesPluralsTypes = {
  1: function _(n) {
    return Number(n > 1);
  },
  2: function _(n) {
    return Number(n != 1);
  },
  3: function _(n) {
    return 0;
  },
  4: function _(n) {
    return Number(n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && n % 10 <= 4 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2);
  },
  5: function _(n) {
    return Number(n === 0 ? 0 : n == 1 ? 1 : n == 2 ? 2 : n % 100 >= 3 && n % 100 <= 10 ? 3 : n % 100 >= 11 ? 4 : 5);
  },
  6: function _(n) {
    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n >= 2 && n <= 4 ? 1 : 2);
  },
  7: function _(n) {
    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && n % 10 <= 4 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2);
  },
  8: function _(n) {
    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : n != 8 && n != 11 ? 2 : 3);
  },
  9: function _(n) {
    return Number(n >= 2);
  },
  10: function _(n) {
    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : n < 7 ? 2 : n < 11 ? 3 : 4);
  },
  11: function _(n) {
    return Number(n == 1 || n == 11 ? 0 : n == 2 || n == 12 ? 1 : n > 2 && n < 20 ? 2 : 3);
  },
  12: function _(n) {
    return Number(n % 10 != 1 || n % 100 == 11);
  },
  13: function _(n) {
    return Number(n !== 0);
  },
  14: function _(n) {
    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : n == 3 ? 2 : 3);
  },
  15: function _(n) {
    return Number(n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2);
  },
  16: function _(n) {
    return Number(n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n !== 0 ? 1 : 2);
  },
  17: function _(n) {
    return Number(n == 1 || n % 10 == 1 ? 0 : 1);
  },
  18: function _(n) {
    return Number(n == 0 ? 0 : n == 1 ? 1 : 2);
  },
  19: function _(n) {
    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n === 0 || n % 100 > 1 && n % 100 < 11 ? 1 : n % 100 > 10 && n % 100 < 20 ? 2 : 3);
  },
  20: function _(n) {
    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n === 0 || n % 100 > 0 && n % 100 < 20 ? 1 : 2);
  },
  21: function _(n) {
    return Number(n % 100 == 1 ? 1 : n % 100 == 2 ? 2 : n % 100 == 3 || n % 100 == 4 ? 3 : 0);
  }
};
/* eslint-enable */

function createRules() {
  var l,
      rules = {};
  sets.forEach(function (set$$1) {
    set$$1.lngs.forEach(function (l) {
      return rules[l] = {
        numbers: set$$1.nr,
        plurals: _rulesPluralsTypes[set$$1.fc]
      };
    });
  });
  return rules;
}

var PluralResolver = function () {
  function PluralResolver(languageUtils) {
    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};
    classCallCheck(this, PluralResolver);

    this.languageUtils = languageUtils;
    this.options = options;

    this.logger = baseLogger.create('pluralResolver');

    this.rules = createRules();
  }

  PluralResolver.prototype.addRule = function addRule(lng, obj) {
    this.rules[lng] = obj;
  };

  PluralResolver.prototype.getRule = function getRule(code) {
    return this.rules[this.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(code)];
  };

  PluralResolver.prototype.needsPlural = function needsPlural(code) {
    var rule = this.getRule(code);

    return rule && rule.numbers.length <= 1 ? false : true;
  };

  PluralResolver.prototype.getSuffix = function getSuffix(code, count) {
    var _this = this;

    var rule = this.getRule(code);

    if (rule) {
      if (rule.numbers.length === 1) return ''; // only singular

      var idx = rule.noAbs ? rule.plurals(count) : rule.plurals(Math.abs(count));
      var suffix = rule.numbers[idx];

      // special treatment for lngs only having singular and plural
      if (rule.numbers.length === 2 && rule.numbers[0] === 1) {
        if (suffix === 2) {
          suffix = 'plural';
        } else if (suffix === 1) {
          suffix = '';
        }
      }

      var returnSuffix = function returnSuffix() {
        return _this.options.prepend && suffix.toString() ? _this.options.prepend + suffix.toString() : suffix.toString();
      };

      // COMPATIBILITY JSON
      // v1
      if (this.options.compatibilityJSON === 'v1') {
        if (suffix === 1) return '';
        if (typeof suffix === 'number') return '_plural_' + suffix.toString();
        return returnSuffix();
      }
      // v2
      else if (this.options.compatibilityJSON === 'v2' || rule.numbers.length === 2 && rule.numbers[0] === 1) {
          return returnSuffix();
        }
        // v3 - gettext index
        else if (rule.numbers.length === 2 && rule.numbers[0] === 1) {
            return returnSuffix();
          }
      return this.options.prepend && idx.toString() ? this.options.prepend + idx.toString() : idx.toString();
    } else {
      this.logger.warn('no plural rule found for: ' + code);
      return '';
    }
  };

  return PluralResolver;
}();

var Interpolator = function () {
  function Interpolator() {
    var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};
    classCallCheck(this, Interpolator);

    this.logger = baseLogger.create('interpolator');

    this.init(options, true);
  }

  Interpolator.prototype.init = function init() {
    var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};
    var reset = arguments[1];

    if (reset) {
      this.options = options;
      this.format = options.interpolation && options.interpolation.format || function (value) {
        return value;
      };
      this.escape = options.interpolation && options.interpolation.escape || escape;
    }
    if (!options.interpolation) options.interpolation = { escapeValue: true };

    var iOpts = options.interpolation;

    this.escapeValue = iOpts.escapeValue !== undefined ? iOpts.escapeValue : true;

    this.prefix = iOpts.prefix ? regexEscape(iOpts.prefix) : iOpts.prefixEscaped || '{{';
    this.suffix = iOpts.suffix ? regexEscape(iOpts.suffix) : iOpts.suffixEscaped || '}}';

    this.formatSeparator = iOpts.formatSeparator ? iOpts.formatSeparator : iOpts.formatSeparator || ',';

    this.unescapePrefix = iOpts.unescapeSuffix ? '' : iOpts.unescapePrefix || '-';
    this.unescapeSuffix = this.unescapePrefix ? '' : iOpts.unescapeSuffix || '';

    this.nestingPrefix = iOpts.nestingPrefix ? regexEscape(iOpts.nestingPrefix) : iOpts.nestingPrefixEscaped || regexEscape('$t(');
    this.nestingSuffix = iOpts.nestingSuffix ? regexEscape(iOpts.nestingSuffix) : iOpts.nestingSuffixEscaped || regexEscape(')');

    // the regexp
    this.resetRegExp();
  };

  Interpolator.prototype.reset = function reset() {
    if (this.options) this.init(this.options);
  };

  Interpolator.prototype.resetRegExp = function resetRegExp() {
    // the regexp
    var regexpStr = this.prefix + '(.+?)' + this.suffix;
    this.regexp = new RegExp(regexpStr, 'g');

    var regexpUnescapeStr = this.prefix + this.unescapePrefix + '(.+?)' + this.unescapeSuffix + this.suffix;
    this.regexpUnescape = new RegExp(regexpUnescapeStr, 'g');

    var nestingRegexpStr = this.nestingPrefix + '(.+?)' + this.nestingSuffix;
    this.nestingRegexp = new RegExp(nestingRegexpStr, 'g');
  };

  Interpolator.prototype.interpolate = function interpolate(str, data, lng) {
    var _this = this;

    var match = void 0,
        value = void 0;

    function regexSafe(val) {
      return val.replace(/\$/g, '$$$$');
    }

    var handleFormat = function handleFormat(key) {
      if (key.indexOf(_this.formatSeparator) < 0) return getPath(data, key);

      var p = key.split(_this.formatSeparator);
      var k = p.shift().trim();
      var f = p.join(_this.formatSeparator).trim();

      return _this.format(getPath(data, k), f, lng);
    };

    this.resetRegExp();

    // unescape if has unescapePrefix/Suffix
    while (match = this.regexpUnescape.exec(str)) {
      var _value = handleFormat(match[1].trim());
      str = str.replace(match[0], _value);
      this.regexpUnescape.lastIndex = 0;
    }

    // regular escape on demand
    while (match = this.regexp.exec(str)) {
      value = handleFormat(match[1].trim());
      if (typeof value !== 'string') value = makeString(value);
      if (!value) {
        this.logger.warn('missed to pass in variable ' + match[1] + ' for interpolating ' + str);
        value = '';
      }
      value = this.escapeValue ? regexSafe(this.escape(value)) : regexSafe(value);
      str = str.replace(match[0], value);
      this.regexp.lastIndex = 0;
    }
    return str;
  };

  Interpolator.prototype.nest = function nest(str, fc) {
    var options = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {};

    var match = void 0,
        value = void 0;

    var clonedOptions = _extends({}, options);
    clonedOptions.applyPostProcessor = false; // avoid post processing on nested lookup

    function handleHasOptions(key) {
      if (key.indexOf(',') < 0) return key;

      var p = key.split(',');
      key = p.shift();
      var optionsString = p.join(',');
      optionsString = this.interpolate(optionsString, clonedOptions);
      optionsString = optionsString.replace(/'/g, '"');

      try {
        clonedOptions = JSON.parse(optionsString);
      } catch (e) {
        this.logger.error('failed parsing options string in nesting for key ' + key, e);
      }

      return key;
    }

    // regular escape on demand
    while (match = this.nestingRegexp.exec(str)) {
      value = fc(handleHasOptions.call(this, match[1].trim()), clonedOptions);
      if (typeof value !== 'string') value = makeString(value);
      if (!value) {
        this.logger.warn('missed to pass in variable ' + match[1] + ' for interpolating ' + str);
        value = '';
      }
      // Nested keys should not be escaped by default #854
      // value = this.escapeValue ? regexSafe(utils.escape(value)) : regexSafe(value);
      str = str.replace(match[0], value);
      this.regexp.lastIndex = 0;
    }
    return str;
  };

  return Interpolator;
}();

function remove(arr, what) {
  var found = arr.indexOf(what);

  while (found !== -1) {
    arr.splice(found, 1);
    found = arr.indexOf(what);
  }
}

var Connector = function (_EventEmitter) {
  inherits(Connector, _EventEmitter);

  function Connector(backend, store, services) {
    var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {};
    classCallCheck(this, Connector);

    var _this = possibleConstructorReturn(this, _EventEmitter.call(this));

    _this.backend = backend;
    _this.store = store;
    _this.services = services;
    _this.options = options;
    _this.logger = baseLogger.create('backendConnector');

    _this.state = {};
    _this.queue = [];

    _this.backend && _this.backend.init && _this.backend.init(services, options.backend, options);
    return _this;
  }

  Connector.prototype.queueLoad = function queueLoad(languages, namespaces, callback) {
    var _this2 = this;

    // find what needs to be loaded
    var toLoad = [],
        pending = [],
        toLoadLanguages = [],
        toLoadNamespaces = [];

    languages.forEach(function (lng) {
      var hasAllNamespaces = true;

      namespaces.forEach(function (ns) {
        var name = lng + '|' + ns;

        if (_this2.store.hasResourceBundle(lng, ns)) {
          _this2.state[name] = 2; // loaded
        } else if (_this2.state[name] < 0) {
          // nothing to do for err
        } else if (_this2.state[name] === 1) {
          if (pending.indexOf(name) < 0) pending.push(name);
        } else {
          _this2.state[name] = 1; // pending

          hasAllNamespaces = false;

          if (pending.indexOf(name) < 0) pending.push(name);
          if (toLoad.indexOf(name) < 0) toLoad.push(name);
          if (toLoadNamespaces.indexOf(ns) < 0) toLoadNamespaces.push(ns);
        }
      });

      if (!hasAllNamespaces) toLoadLanguages.push(lng);
    });

    if (toLoad.length || pending.length) {
      this.queue.push({
        pending: pending,
        loaded: {},
        errors: [],
        callback: callback
      });
    }

    return {
      toLoad: toLoad,
      pending: pending,
      toLoadLanguages: toLoadLanguages,
      toLoadNamespaces: toLoadNamespaces
    };
  };

  Connector.prototype.loaded = function loaded(name, err, data) {
    var _this3 = this;

    var _name$split = name.split('|'),
        _name$split2 = slicedToArray(_name$split, 2),
        lng = _name$split2[0],
        ns = _name$split2[1];

    if (err) this.emit('failedLoading', lng, ns, err);

    if (data) {
      this.store.addResourceBundle(lng, ns, data);
    }

    // set loaded
    this.state[name] = err ? -1 : 2;
    // callback if ready
    this.queue.forEach(function (q) {
      pushPath(q.loaded, [lng], ns);
      remove(q.pending, name);

      if (err) q.errors.push(err);

      if (q.pending.length === 0 && !q.done) {
        _this3.emit('loaded', q.loaded);
        q.errors.length ? q.callback(q.errors) : q.callback();
        q.done = true;
      }
    });

    // remove done load requests
    this.queue = this.queue.filter(function (q) {
      return !q.done;
    });
  };

  Connector.prototype.read = function read(lng, ns, fcName, tried, wait, callback) {
    var _this4 = this;

    if (!tried) tried = 0;
    if (!wait) wait = 250;

    if (!lng.length) return callback(null, {}); // noting to load

    this.backend[fcName](lng, ns, function (err, data) {
      if (err && data /* = retryFlag */ && tried < 5) {
        setTimeout(function () {
          _this4.read.call(_this4, lng, ns, fcName, ++tried, wait * 2, callback);
        }, wait);
        return;
      }
      callback(err, data);
    });
  };

  Connector.prototype.load = function load(languages, namespaces, callback) {
    var _this5 = this;

    if (!this.backend) {
      this.logger.warn('No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources.');
      return callback && callback();
    }
    var options = _extends({}, this.backend.options, this.options.backend);

    if (typeof languages === 'string') languages = this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(languages);
    if (typeof namespaces === 'string') namespaces = [namespaces];

    var toLoad = this.queueLoad(languages, namespaces, callback);
    if (!toLoad.toLoad.length) {
      if (!toLoad.pending.length) callback(); // nothing to load and no pendings...callback now
      return; // pendings will trigger callback
    }

    // load with multi-load
    if (options.allowMultiLoading && this.backend.readMulti) {
      this.read(toLoad.toLoadLanguages, toLoad.toLoadNamespaces, 'readMulti', null, null, function (err, data) {
        if (err) _this5.logger.warn('loading namespaces ' + toLoad.toLoadNamespaces.join(', ') + ' for languages ' + toLoad.toLoadLanguages.join(', ') + ' via multiloading failed', err);
        if (!err && data) _this5.logger.log('loaded namespaces ' + toLoad.toLoadNamespaces.join(', ') + ' for languages ' + toLoad.toLoadLanguages.join(', ') + ' via multiloading', data);

        toLoad.toLoad.forEach(function (name) {
          var _name$split3 = name.split('|'),
              _name$split4 = slicedToArray(_name$split3, 2),
              l = _name$split4[0],
              n = _name$split4[1];

          var bundle = getPath(data, [l, n]);
          if (bundle) {
            _this5.loaded(name, err, bundle);
          } else {
            var _err = 'loading namespace ' + n + ' for language ' + l + ' via multiloading failed';
            _this5.loaded(name, _err);
            _this5.logger.error(_err);
          }
        });
      });
    }

    // load one by one
    else {
        var readOne = function readOne(name) {
          var _this6 = this;

          var _name$split5 = name.split('|'),
              _name$split6 = slicedToArray(_name$split5, 2),
              lng = _name$split6[0],
              ns = _name$split6[1];

          this.read(lng, ns, 'read', null, null, function (err, data) {
            if (err) _this6.logger.warn('loading namespace ' + ns + ' for language ' + lng + ' failed', err);
            if (!err && data) _this6.logger.log('loaded namespace ' + ns + ' for language ' + lng, data);

            _this6.loaded(name, err, data);
          });
        };

        

        toLoad.toLoad.forEach(function (name) {
          readOne.call(_this5, name);
        });
      }
  };

  Connector.prototype.reload = function reload(languages, namespaces) {
    var _this7 = this;

    if (!this.backend) {
      this.logger.warn('No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources.');
    }
    var options = _extends({}, this.backend.options, this.options.backend);

    if (typeof languages === 'string') languages = this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(languages);
    if (typeof namespaces === 'string') namespaces = [namespaces];

    // load with multi-load
    if (options.allowMultiLoading && this.backend.readMulti) {
      this.read(languages, namespaces, 'readMulti', null, null, function (err, data) {
        if (err) _this7.logger.warn('reloading namespaces ' + namespaces.join(', ') + ' for languages ' + languages.join(', ') + ' via multiloading failed', err);
        if (!err && data) _this7.logger.log('reloaded namespaces ' + namespaces.join(', ') + ' for languages ' + languages.join(', ') + ' via multiloading', data);

        languages.forEach(function (l) {
          namespaces.forEach(function (n) {
            var bundle = getPath(data, [l, n]);
            if (bundle) {
              _this7.loaded(l + '|' + n, err, bundle);
            } else {
              var _err2 = 'reloading namespace ' + n + ' for language ' + l + ' via multiloading failed';
              _this7.loaded(l + '|' + n, _err2);
              _this7.logger.error(_err2);
            }
          });
        });
      });
    }

    // load one by one
    else {
        var readOne = function readOne(name) {
          var _this8 = this;

          var _name$split7 = name.split('|'),
              _name$split8 = slicedToArray(_name$split7, 2),
              lng = _name$split8[0],
              ns = _name$split8[1];

          this.read(lng, ns, 'read', null, null, function (err, data) {
            if (err) _this8.logger.warn('reloading namespace ' + ns + ' for language ' + lng + ' failed', err);
            if (!err && data) _this8.logger.log('reloaded namespace ' + ns + ' for language ' + lng, data);

            _this8.loaded(name, err, data);
          });
        };

        

        languages.forEach(function (l) {
          namespaces.forEach(function (n) {
            readOne.call(_this7, l + '|' + n);
          });
        });
      }
  };

  Connector.prototype.saveMissing = function saveMissing(languages, namespace, key, fallbackValue) {
    if (this.backend && this.backend.create) this.backend.create(languages, namespace, key, fallbackValue);

    // write to store to avoid resending
    if (!languages || !languages[0]) return;
    this.store.addResource(languages[0], namespace, key, fallbackValue);
  };

  return Connector;
}(EventEmitter);

var Connector$1 = function (_EventEmitter) {
  inherits(Connector, _EventEmitter);

  function Connector(cache, store, services) {
    var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {};
    classCallCheck(this, Connector);

    var _this = possibleConstructorReturn(this, _EventEmitter.call(this));

    _this.cache = cache;
    _this.store = store;
    _this.services = services;
    _this.options = options;
    _this.logger = baseLogger.create('cacheConnector');

    _this.cache && _this.cache.init && _this.cache.init(services, options.cache, options);
    return _this;
  }

  Connector.prototype.load = function load(languages, namespaces, callback) {
    var _this2 = this;

    if (!this.cache) return callback && callback();
    var options = _extends({}, this.cache.options, this.options.cache);

    if (typeof languages === 'string') languages = this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(languages);
    if (typeof namespaces === 'string') namespaces = [namespaces];

    if (options.enabled) {
      this.cache.load(languages, function (err, data) {
        if (err) _this2.logger.error('loading languages ' + languages.join(', ') + ' from cache failed', err);
        if (data) {
          for (var l in data) {
            for (var n in data[l]) {
              if (n === 'i18nStamp') continue;
              var bundle = data[l][n];
              if (bundle) _this2.store.addResourceBundle(l, n, bundle);
            }
          }
        }
        if (callback) callback();
      });
    } else {
      if (callback) callback();
    }
  };

  Connector.prototype.save = function save() {
    if (this.cache && this.options.cache && this.options.cache.enabled) this.cache.save(this.store.data);
  };

  return Connector;
}(EventEmitter);

function get$1() {
  return {
    debug: false,
    initImmediate: true,

    ns: ['translation'],
    defaultNS: ['translation'],
    fallbackLng: ['dev'],
    fallbackNS: false, // string or array of namespaces

    whitelist: false, // array with whitelisted languages
    nonExplicitWhitelist: false,
    load: 'all', // | currentOnly | languageOnly
    preload: false, // array with preload languages

    keySeparator: '.',
    nsSeparator: ':',
    pluralSeparator: '_',
    contextSeparator: '_',

    saveMissing: false, // enable to send missing values
    saveMissingTo: 'fallback', // 'current' || 'all'
    missingKeyHandler: false, // function(lng, ns, key, fallbackValue) -> override if prefer on handling

    postProcess: false, // string or array of postProcessor names
    returnNull: true, // allows null value as valid translation
    returnEmptyString: true, // allows empty string value as valid translation
    returnObjects: false,
    joinArrays: false, // or string to join array
    returnedObjectHandler: function returnedObjectHandler() {}, // function(key, value, options) triggered if key returns object but returnObjects is set to false
    parseMissingKeyHandler: false, // function(key) parsed a key that was not found in t() before returning
    appendNamespaceToMissingKey: false,
    appendNamespaceToCIMode: false,
    overloadTranslationOptionHandler: function overloadTranslationOptionHandler(args) {
      return { defaultValue: args[1] };
    },

    interpolation: {
      escapeValue: true,
      format: function format(value, _format, lng) {
        return value;
      },
      prefix: '{{',
      suffix: '}}',
      formatSeparator: ',',
      // prefixEscaped: '{{',
      // suffixEscaped: '}}',
      // unescapeSuffix: '',
      unescapePrefix: '-',

      nestingPrefix: '$t(',
      nestingSuffix: ')',
      // nestingPrefixEscaped: '$t(',
      // nestingSuffixEscaped: ')',
      defaultVariables: undefined // object that can have values to interpolate on - extends passed in interpolation data
    }
  };
}

function transformOptions(options) {
  // create namespace object if namespace is passed in as string
  if (typeof options.ns === 'string') options.ns = [options.ns];
  if (typeof options.fallbackLng === 'string') options.fallbackLng = [options.fallbackLng];
  if (typeof options.fallbackNS === 'string') options.fallbackNS = [options.fallbackNS];

  // extend whitelist with cimode
  if (options.whitelist && options.whitelist.indexOf('cimode') < 0) options.whitelist.push('cimode');

  return options;
}

function noop() {}

var I18n = function (_EventEmitter) {
  inherits(I18n, _EventEmitter);

  function I18n() {
    var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};
    var callback = arguments[1];
    classCallCheck(this, I18n);

    var _this = possibleConstructorReturn(this, _EventEmitter.call(this));

    _this.options = transformOptions(options);
    _this.services = {};
    _this.logger = baseLogger;
    _this.modules = { external: [] };

    if (callback && !_this.isInitialized && !options.isClone) _this.init(options, callback);
    return _this;
  }

  I18n.prototype.init = function init(options, callback) {
    var _this2 = this;

    if (typeof options === 'function') {
      callback = options;
      options = {};
    }
    if (!options) options = {};

    if (options.compatibilityAPI === 'v1') {
      this.options = _extends({}, get$1(), transformOptions(convertAPIOptions(options)), {});
    } else if (options.compatibilityJSON === 'v1') {
      this.options = _extends({}, get$1(), transformOptions(convertJSONOptions(options)), {});
    } else {
      this.options = _extends({}, get$1(), this.options, transformOptions(options));
    }
    if (!callback) callback = noop;

    function createClassOnDemand(ClassOrObject) {
      if (!ClassOrObject) return;
      if (typeof ClassOrObject === 'function') return new ClassOrObject();
      return ClassOrObject;
    }

    // init services
    if (!this.options.isClone) {
      if (this.modules.logger) {
        baseLogger.init(createClassOnDemand(this.modules.logger), this.options);
      } else {
        baseLogger.init(null, this.options);
      }

      var lu = new LanguageUtil(this.options);
      this.store = new ResourceStore(this.options.resources, this.options);

      var s = this.services;
      s.logger = baseLogger;
      s.resourceStore = this.store;
      s.resourceStore.on('added removed', function (lng, ns) {
        s.cacheConnector.save();
      });
      s.languageUtils = lu;
      s.pluralResolver = new PluralResolver(lu, { prepend: this.options.pluralSeparator, compatibilityJSON: this.options.compatibilityJSON });
      s.interpolator = new Interpolator(this.options);

      s.backendConnector = new Connector(createClassOnDemand(this.modules.backend), s.resourceStore, s, this.options);
      // pipe events from backendConnector
      s.backendConnector.on('*', function (event) {
        for (var _len = arguments.length, args = Array(_len > 1 ? _len - 1 : 0), _key = 1; _key < _len; _key++) {
          args[_key - 1] = arguments[_key];
        }

        _this2.emit.apply(_this2, [event].concat(args));
      });

      s.backendConnector.on('loaded', function (loaded) {
        s.cacheConnector.save();
      });

      s.cacheConnector = new Connector$1(createClassOnDemand(this.modules.cache), s.resourceStore, s, this.options);
      // pipe events from backendConnector
      s.cacheConnector.on('*', function (event) {
        for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = Array(_len2 > 1 ? _len2 - 1 : 0), _key2 = 1; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {
          args[_key2 - 1] = arguments[_key2];
        }

        _this2.emit.apply(_this2, [event].concat(args));
      });

      if (this.modules.languageDetector) {
        s.languageDetector = createClassOnDemand(this.modules.languageDetector);
        s.languageDetector.init(s, this.options.detection, this.options);
      }

      this.translator = new Translator(this.services, this.options);
      // pipe events from translator
      this.translator.on('*', function (event) {
        for (var _len3 = arguments.length, args = Array(_len3 > 1 ? _len3 - 1 : 0), _key3 = 1; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {
          args[_key3 - 1] = arguments[_key3];
        }

        _this2.emit.apply(_this2, [event].concat(args));
      });

      this.modules.external.forEach(function (m) {
        if (m.init) m.init(_this2);
      });
    }

    // append api
    var storeApi = ['getResource', 'addResource', 'addResources', 'addResourceBundle', 'removeResourceBundle', 'hasResourceBundle', 'getResourceBundle'];
    storeApi.forEach(function (fcName) {
      _this2[fcName] = function () {
        return this.store[fcName].apply(this.store, arguments);
      };
    });

    // TODO: COMPATIBILITY remove this
    if (this.options.compatibilityAPI === 'v1') appendBackwardsAPI(this);

    var load = function load() {
      _this2.changeLanguage(_this2.options.lng, function (err, t) {
        _this2.isInitialized = true;
        _this2.logger.log('initialized', _this2.options);
        _this2.emit('initialized', _this2.options);

        callback(err, t);
      });
    };

    if (this.options.resources || !this.options.initImmediate) {
      load();
    } else {
      setTimeout(load, 0);
    }

    return this;
  };

  I18n.prototype.loadResources = function loadResources() {
    var _this3 = this;

    var callback = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : noop;

    if (!this.options.resources) {
      if (this.language && this.language.toLowerCase() === 'cimode') return callback(); // avoid loading resources for cimode

      var toLoad = [];

      var append = function append(lng) {
        if (!lng) return;
        var lngs = _this3.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(lng);
        lngs.forEach(function (l) {
          if (toLoad.indexOf(l) < 0) toLoad.push(l);
        });
      };

      append(this.language);

      if (this.options.preload) {
        this.options.preload.forEach(function (l) {
          append(l);
        });
      }

      this.services.cacheConnector.load(toLoad, this.options.ns, function () {
        _this3.services.backendConnector.load(toLoad, _this3.options.ns, callback);
      });
    } else {
      callback(null);
    }
  };

  I18n.prototype.reloadResources = function reloadResources(lngs, ns) {
    if (!lngs) lngs = this.languages;
    if (!ns) ns = this.options.ns;
    this.services.backendConnector.reload(lngs, ns);
  };

  I18n.prototype.use = function use(module) {
    if (module.type === 'backend') {
      this.modules.backend = module;
    }

    if (module.type === 'cache') {
      this.modules.cache = module;
    }

    if (module.type === 'logger' || module.log && module.warn && module.error) {
      this.modules.logger = module;
    }

    if (module.type === 'languageDetector') {
      this.modules.languageDetector = module;
    }

    if (module.type === 'postProcessor') {
      postProcessor.addPostProcessor(module);
    }

    if (module.type === '3rdParty') {
      this.modules.external.push(module);
    }

    return this;
  };

  I18n.prototype.changeLanguage = function changeLanguage(lng, callback) {
    var _this4 = this;

    var done = function done(err) {
      if (lng) {
        _this4.emit('languageChanged', lng);
        _this4.logger.log('languageChanged', lng);
      }

      if (callback) callback(err, function () {
        for (var _len4 = arguments.length, args = Array(_len4), _key4 = 0; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {
          args[_key4] = arguments[_key4];
        }

        return _this4.t.apply(_this4, args);
      });
    };

    if (!lng && this.services.languageDetector) lng = this.services.languageDetector.detect();

    if (lng) {
      this.language = lng;
      this.languages = this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(lng);

      this.translator.changeLanguage(lng);

      if (this.services.languageDetector) this.services.languageDetector.cacheUserLanguage(lng);
    }

    this.loadResources(function (err) {
      done(err);
    });
  };

  I18n.prototype.getFixedT = function getFixedT(lng, ns) {
    var _this5 = this;

    var fixedT = function fixedT(key) {
      var opts = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};

      var options = _extends({}, opts);
      options.lng = options.lng || fixedT.lng;
      options.ns = options.ns || fixedT.ns;
      return _this5.t(key, options);
    };
    fixedT.lng = lng;
    fixedT.ns = ns;
    return fixedT;
  };

  I18n.prototype.t = function t() {
    return this.translator && this.translator.translate.apply(this.translator, arguments);
  };

  I18n.prototype.exists = function exists() {
    return this.translator && this.translator.exists.apply(this.translator, arguments);
  };

  I18n.prototype.setDefaultNamespace = function setDefaultNamespace(ns) {
    this.options.defaultNS = ns;
  };

  I18n.prototype.loadNamespaces = function loadNamespaces(ns, callback) {
    var _this6 = this;

    if (!this.options.ns) return callback && callback();
    if (typeof ns === 'string') ns = [ns];

    ns.forEach(function (n) {
      if (_this6.options.ns.indexOf(n) < 0) _this6.options.ns.push(n);
    });

    this.loadResources(callback);
  };

  I18n.prototype.loadLanguages = function loadLanguages(lngs, callback) {
    if (typeof lngs === 'string') lngs = [lngs];
    var preloaded = this.options.preload || [];

    var newLngs = lngs.filter(function (lng) {
      return preloaded.indexOf(lng) < 0;
    });
    // Exit early if all given languages are already preloaded
    if (!newLngs.length) return callback();

    this.options.preload = preloaded.concat(newLngs);
    this.loadResources(callback);
  };

  I18n.prototype.dir = function dir(lng) {
    if (!lng) lng = this.language;
    if (!lng) return 'rtl';

    var rtlLngs = ['ar', 'shu', 'sqr', 'ssh', 'xaa', 'yhd', 'yud', 'aao', 'abh', 'abv', 'acm', 'acq', 'acw', 'acx', 'acy', 'adf', 'ads', 'aeb', 'aec', 'afb', 'ajp', 'apc', 'apd', 'arb', 'arq', 'ars', 'ary', 'arz', 'auz', 'avl', 'ayh', 'ayl', 'ayn', 'ayp', 'bbz', 'pga', 'he', 'iw', 'ps', 'pbt', 'pbu', 'pst', 'prp', 'prd', 'ur', 'ydd', 'yds', 'yih', 'ji', 'yi', 'hbo', 'men', 'xmn', 'fa', 'jpr', 'peo', 'pes', 'prs', 'dv', 'sam'];

    return rtlLngs.indexOf(this.services.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(lng)) >= 0 ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  };

  I18n.prototype.createInstance = function createInstance() {
    var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};
    var callback = arguments[1];

    return new I18n(options, callback);
  };

  I18n.prototype.cloneInstance = function cloneInstance() {
    var _this7 = this;

    var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};
    var callback = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : noop;

    var mergedOptions = _extends({}, options, this.options, { isClone: true });
    var clone = new I18n(mergedOptions, callback);
    var membersToCopy = ['store', 'services', 'language'];
    membersToCopy.forEach(function (m) {
      clone[m] = _this7[m];
    });
    clone.translator = new Translator(clone.services, clone.options);
    clone.translator.on('*', function (event) {
      for (var _len5 = arguments.length, args = Array(_len5 > 1 ? _len5 - 1 : 0), _key5 = 1; _key5 < _len5; _key5++) {
        args[_key5 - 1] = arguments[_key5];
      }

      clone.emit.apply(clone, [event].concat(args));
    });
    clone.init(mergedOptions, callback);

    return clone;
  };

  return I18n;
}(EventEmitter);

var i18next = new I18n();

return i18next;

})));