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- =head1 NAME
- Image::ExifTool::MIEUnits - MIE units documentation
- =head1 DESCRIPTION
- The MIE format allows units of measurement to be specified in brackets at
- the end of a MIE tag name (eg. "Volume(m3)"). This document describes the
- standard MIE units abbreviations.
- =head1 SYNTAX
- The units string may contain any ASCII characters in the range 0x21 ('!') to
- 0x7d ('}'), excepting the bracket characters (0x28 and 0x29). An empty
- string is allowed, and indicates a dimensionless value. L<Standard
- units|/STANDARD UNITS> should be used where possible. In the standard
- units, an underline ('_') is used to indicate a subscript, and multiple
- words may be separated with a hyphen ('-').
- Exponents should be positive, and require no separator (eg. "m2" for square
- meters). L<Prefixes|/PREFIXES> may be added to the standard units (eg.
- "cm") except when the resulting name conflicts with another standard unit.
- Multiplication is indicated by '.', and division by '/'. Reciprocal units
- (ie. the multiplicative inverse) are obtained through division rather than
- the use of negative exponents (eg. "/in", not "in-1"). In MIE units,
- multiplication has precedence over division, so everything to the right of a
- '/' is in the denominator. (See L</EXAMPLES> for a few examples.)
- Below is a table summarizing the special characters used in MIE units
- strings.
- . multiplication
- / division (used for negative exponents)
- - word separator
- _ subscript
- {} annotation
- [] used to avoid name conflicts if necessary
- 0-9 exponentiation
- =head1 STANDARD UNITS
- dimensionless
- [G] Newtonian constant of gravitation (unclassified)
- [g] standard acceleration of free fall (acceleration)
- [h] Planck constant (action)
- [k] Boltzmann constant (unclassified)
- {cfu} colony forming units (number)
- {rbc} red blood cell count (number)
- {tbl} tablets (number)
- {tot} particles total count (number)
- % percent (fraction)
- 10^N the number ten for arbitrary powers (number)
- A Ampere (electric current)
- a year (time)
- a_g mean Gregorian year (time)
- a_j mean Julian year (time)
- a_t tropical year (time)
- acr acre, U.S. (area)
- acr_br acre, British (area)
- Ao Angstrom (length)
- APL-U APL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgA)
- ar are (area)
- arb-U arbitrary unit (arbitrary)
- arcmin minute of arc (plane angle)
- arcsec second of arc (plane angle)
- atm standard atmosphere (pressure)
- att technical atmosphere (pressure)
- AU astronomic unit (length)
- b barn (action area)
- B bel (level)
- B-kW bel kilowatt (power level)
- B-mV bel millivolt (electric potential level)
- B-SPL bel sound pressure (pressure level)
- B-uV bel microvolt (electric potential level)
- B-V bel volt (electric potential level)
- B-W bel watt (power level)
- bar bar (pressure)
- bbl barrel (fluid volume)
- Bd baud (signal transmission rate)
- bdsk-U Bodansky unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
- beth-U Bethesda unit (biologic activity of factor VIII inhibitor)
- bf board foot (volume)
- Bi Biot (electric current)
- bit bit (amount of information)
- Bq Becquerel (radioactivity)
- Btu British thermal unit (energy)
- Btu_39 British thermal unit at 39 degF (energy)
- Btu_59 British thermal unit at 59 degF (energy)
- Btu_60 British thermal unit at 60 degF (energy)
- Btu_IT international table British thermal unit (energy)
- Btu_m mean British thermal unit (energy)
- Btu_th thermochemical British thermal unit (energy)
- bu bushel, U.S. (dry volume)
- bu_br bushel, British (volume)
- By byte (amount of information)
- C Coulomb (electric charge)
- c velocity of light (velocity)
- cal calorie (energy)
- Cal nutrition label Calories (energy)
- cal_15 calorie at 15 degC (energy)
- cal_20 calorie at 20 degC (energy)
- cal_IT international table calorie (energy)
- cal_m mean calorie (energy)
- cal_th thermochemical calorie (energy)
- car_Au carat of gold alloys (mass fraction)
- car_m metric carat (mass)
- cd candela (luminous intensity)
- Cel degree Celsius (temperature)
- Ch Charriere (gauge of catheters)
- ch Gunter's chain, U.S. (length)
- ch_br Gunter's chain, British (length)
- Ci Curie (radioactivity)
- cicero cicero (length)
- circ circle (plane angle)
- cml circular mil, international (area)
- cr cord, international (volume)
- crd_us cord, U.S. (fluid volume)
- cup_us cup (volume)
- d day (time)
- deg degree (plane angle)
- deg{mag} degree from magnetic north (plane angle)
- degF degree Fahrenheit (temperature)
- didot didot (length)
- diop diopter (refraction of a lens)
- dpt dry pint, U.S. (dry volume)
- dqt dry quart, U.S. (dry volume)
- dr dram (mass)
- dr_ap dram, apothecary (mass)
- drp drop (volume)
- dye-U Dye unit (biologic activity of amylase)
- dyn dyne (force)
- e elementary charge (electric charge)
- eps_0 permittivity of vacuum (electric permittivity)
- eq equivalents (amount of substance)
- erg erg (energy)
- eV electronvolt (energy)
- F Farad (electric capacitance)
- fdr fluid dram, U.S. (fluid volume)
- fdr_br fluid dram, British (volume)
- foz fluid ounce, U.S. (fluid volume)
- foz_br fluid ounce, British (volume)
- ft foot, international (length)
- ft_br foot, British (length)
- ft_us foot, U.S. (length)
- fth fathom, international (length)
- fth_br fathom, British (length)
- fth_us fathom, U.S. (length)
- fur furlong, U.S. (length)
- G Gauss (magnetic flux density)
- g gram (mass)
- g.m/{H-B} gram meter per heartbeat (prop. to ventricular stroke work)
- g% gram percent (mass fraction)
- Gal Gal (acceleration)
- gal gallon, U.S. (fluid volume)
- gal_br gallon, British (volume)
- gal_wi historical winchester gallon (dry volume)
- Gb Gilbert (magnetic tension)
- gf gram-force (force)
- gil gill, U.S. (fluid volume)
- gil_br gill, British (volume)
- gon gon (plane angle)
- GPL-U GPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgG)
- gr grain (mass)
- Gy Gray (energy dose)
- H Henry (inductance)
- h hour (time)
- hd hand, international (height of horses)
- hnsf-U Hounsfield unit (x-ray attenuation)
- HP horsepower (power)
- hp_C homeopathic potency of centesimal series (homeopathic potency)
- hp_X homeopathic potency of decimal series (homeopathic potency)
- HPF high power field (view area in microscope)
- Hz Herz (frequency)
- in inch, international (length)
- in_br inch, British (length)
- in_us inch, U.S. (length)
- in-H2O inch of water column (pressure)
- in-Hg inch of mercury column (pressure)
- iU international unit (arbitrary)
- J Joule (energy)
- K Kelvin (temperature)
- ka-U King-Armstrong unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
- kat katal (catalytic activity)
- kg{wet-tis} kilogram of wet tissue (mass)
- kn knot, international (velocity)
- kn_br knot, British (velocity)
- knk-U Kunkel unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
- Ky Kayser (lineic number)
- l liter (volume)
- L liter (volume)
- lb pound (mass)
- lb_ap pound, apothecary (mass)
- lb_tr pound, troy (mass)
- lbf pound force (force)
- lcwt long hunderdweight (mass)
- ligne ligne (length)
- lk link for Gunter's chain, U.S. (length)
- lk_br link for Gunter's chain, British (length)
- lm lumen (luminous flux)
- Lmb Lambert (brightness)
- lne line (length)
- LPF low power field (view area in microscope)
- lton long ton (mass)
- lx lux (illuminance)
- ly light-year (length)
- m meter (length)
- m_e electron mass (mass)
- m_p proton mass (mass)
- m-H2O meter of water column (pressure)
- m-Hg meter of mercury column (pressure)
- mclg-U Mac Lagan unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
- mesh mesh, international (lineic number)
- MET metabolic equivalent (metabolic cost of physical activity)
- mg{creat} milligram of creatinine (mass)
- mho mho (electric conductance)
- mi mile, international (statute mile) (length)
- mi_br mile, British (length)
- mi_us mile, U.S. (length)
- mil mil, international (length)
- mil_us mil, U.S. (length)
- min minute (time)
- min_br minim, British (volume)
- min_us minim, U.S. (fluid volume)
- mo month (time)
- mo_g mean Gregorian month (time)
- mo_j mean Julian month (time)
- mo_s synodal month (time)
- mol mole (amount of substance)
- MPL-U MPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgM)
- mu_0 permeability of vacuum (magnetic permeability)
- Mx Maxwell (flux of magnetic induction)
- N Newton (force)
- nmi nautical mile, international (length)
- nmi_br nautical mile, British (length)
- Np neper (level)
- Oe Oersted (magnetic field intensity)
- Ohm Ohm (electric resistance)
- osm osmole of dissolved particles (amount of substance)
- oz ounce (mass)
- oz_ap ounce, apothecary (mass)
- oz_tr ounce, troy (mass)
- P Poise (dynamic viscosity)
- Pa Pascal (pressure)
- pc parsec (length)
- pc_br pace (length)
- pca pica (length)
- pca_pr Printer's pica (length)
- pH pH (acidity)
- ph phot (illuminance)
- pi the number pi (number)
- pied pied (length)
- pk peck, U.S. (dry volume)
- pk_br peck, British (volume)
- pnt point (length)
- pnt_pr Printer's point (length)
- pouce pouce (length)
- ppb parts per billion (fraction)
- ppm parts per million (fraction)
- ppth parts per thousand (fraction)
- pptr parts per trillion (fraction)
- PRU peripheral vascular resistance unit (fluid resistance)
- psi pound per square inch (pressure)
- pt pint, U.S. (fluid volume)
- pt_br pint, British (volume)
- pwt_tr pennyweight (mass)
- qt quart, U.S. (fluid volume)
- qt_br quart, British (volume)
- R Roentgen (ion dose)
- rad radian (plane angle)
- RAD radiation absorbed dose (energy dose)
- rch Ramden's chain, U.S. (length)
- rd rod, U.S. (length)
- rd_br rod, British (length)
- REM radiation equivalent man (dose equivalent)
- rlk_us link for Ramden's chain (length)
- s second (time)
- S Siemens (electric conductance)
- sb stilb (lum. intensity density)
- sc_ap scruple, apothecary (mass)
- sct section (area)
- scwt short hundredweight (mass)
- smgy-U Somogyi unit (biologic activity of amylase)
- sph spere (solid angle)
- sr streadian (solid angle)
- st stere (volume)
- St Stokes (kinematic viscosity)
- ston short ton (mass)
- stone stone (mass)
- Sv Sievert (dose equivalent)
- Sv-U Svedberg unit (sedimentation coefficient)
- T Tesla (magnetic flux density)
- t tonne (mass)
- tb-U tuberculin unit (biologic activity of tuberculin)
- tbs tablespoon, U.S. (volume)
- todd-U Todd unit (biologic activity antistreptolysin O)
- tsp teaspoon, U.S. (volume)
- twp township (area)
- u unified atomic mass unit (mass)
- U Unit (catalytic activity)
- USP-U U.S. Pharmacopeia unit (arbitrary)
- V Volt (electric potential)
- W Watt (power)
- Wb Weber (magnetic flux)
- wk week (time)
- yd yard, international (length)
- yd_br yard, British (length)
- yd_us yard, U.S. (length)
- =head1 PREFIXES
- Standard SI prefixes:
- y yocto (10^-24)
- z zepto (10^-21)
- a atto (10^-18)
- f femto (10^-15)
- p pico (10^-12)
- n nano (10^-9)
- u micro (10^-6)
- m milli (10^-3)
- c centi (10^-2)
- d deci (10^-1)
- da deka (10)
- h hecto (10^2)
- k kilo (10^3)
- G giga (10^9)
- M mega (10^6)
- T tera (10^12)
- P peta (10^15)
- E exa (10^18)
- Z zetta (10^21)
- Y yotta (10^24)
- Binary power prefixes:
- Ki kibi (2^10)
- Mi mebi (2^20)
- Gi gibi (2^30)
- Ti tebi (2^40)
- =head1 EXAMPLES
- A few examples of combined units strings:
- /cm3 per cubic centimeter
- in2 square inches
- kg.m/s2 Newtons (N)
- m3/kg.s2 units of [G]
- 10^100 googols
- =head1 HISTORY
- 2006-12-14 - PH Created
- =head1 AUTHOR
- Copyright 2003-2016, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
- This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- under the same terms as Perl itself.
- =head1 REFERENCES
- =over 4
- =item L<http://aurora.regenstrief.org/UCUM/>
- =back
- =head1 SEE ALSO
- L<Image::ExifTool::MIE(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::MIE>,
- L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
- =cut
|