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A framework for easily creating beautiful presentations using HTML. Check out the live demo.
reveal.js comes with a broad range of features including nested slides, Markdown contents, PDF export, speaker notes and a JavaScript API. There's also a fully featured visual editor and platform for sharing reveal.js presentations at slides.com.
Presentations are written using HTML or Markdown but there's also an online editor for those of you who prefer a graphical interface. Give it a try at https://slides.com.
Here's a barebones example of a fully working reveal.js presentation:
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/white.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>Slide 1</section>
<section>Slide 2</section>
</div>
</div>
<script src="js/reveal.js"></script>
<script>
Reveal.initialize();
</script>
</body>
</html>
The presentation markup hierarchy needs to be .reveal > .slides > section
where the section
represents one slide and can be repeated indefinitely. If you place multiple section
elements inside of another section
they will be shown as vertical slides. The first of the vertical slides is the "root" of the others (at the top), and will be included in the horizontal sequence. For example:
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>Single Horizontal Slide</section>
<section>
<section>Vertical Slide 1</section>
<section>Vertical Slide 2</section>
</section>
</div>
</div>
It's possible to write your slides using Markdown. To enable Markdown, add the data-markdown
attribute to your <section>
elements and wrap the contents in a <script type="text/template">
like the example below.
This is based on data-markdown from Paul Irish modified to use marked to support GitHub Flavored Markdown. Sensitive to indentation (avoid mixing tabs and spaces) and line breaks (avoid consecutive breaks).
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Page title
A paragraph with some text and a [link](http://hakim.se).
</script>
</section>
You can write your content as a separate file and have reveal.js load it at runtime. Note the separator arguments which determine how slides are delimited in the external file: the data-separator
attribute defines a regular expression for horizontal slides (defaults to ^\r?\n---\r?\n$
, a newline-bounded horizontal rule) and data-separator-vertical
defines vertical slides (disabled by default). The data-separator-notes
attribute is a regular expression for specifying the beginning of the current slide's speaker notes (defaults to note:
). The data-charset
attribute is optional and specifies which charset to use when loading the external file.
When used locally, this feature requires that reveal.js runs from a local web server. The following example customises all available options:
<section data-markdown="example.md"
data-separator="^\n\n\n"
data-separator-vertical="^\n\n"
data-separator-notes="^Note:"
data-charset="iso-8859-15">
</section>
Special syntax (in html comment) is available for adding attributes to Markdown elements. This is useful for fragments, amongst other things.
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
- Item 1 <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" -->
- Item 2 <!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" -->
</script>
</section>
Special syntax (in html comment) is available for adding attributes to the slide <section>
elements generated by your Markdown.
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
<!-- .slide: data-background="#ff0000" -->
Markdown content
</script>
</section>
marked
We use marked to parse Markdown. To customise marked's rendering, you can pass in options when configuring Reveal:
Reveal.initialize({
// Options which are passed into marked
// See https://github.com/chjj/marked#options-1
markdown: {
smartypants: true
}
});
### Configuration
At the end of your page you need to initialize reveal by running the following code. Note that all config values are optional and will default as specified below.
javascript Reveal.initialize({
// Display controls in the bottom right corner
controls: true,
// Display a presentation progress bar
progress: true,
// Display the page number of the current slide
slideNumber: false,
// Push each slide change to the browser history
history: false,
// Enable keyboard shortcuts for navigation
keyboard: true,
// Enable the slide overview mode
overview: true,
// Vertical centering of slides
center: true,
// Enables touch navigation on devices with touch input
touch: true,
// Loop the presentation
loop: false,
// Change the presentation direction to be RTL
rtl: false,
// Randomizes the order of slides each time the presentation loads
shuffle: false,
// Turns fragments on and off globally
fragments: true,
// Flags if the presentation is running in an embedded mode,
// i.e. contained within a limited portion of the screen
embedded: false,
// Flags if we should show a help overlay when the questionmark
// key is pressed
help: true,
// Flags if speaker notes should be visible to all viewers
showNotes: false,
// Number of milliseconds between automatically proceeding to the
// next slide, disabled when set to 0, this value can be overwritten
// by using a data-autoslide attribute on your slides
autoSlide: 0,
// Stop auto-sliding after user input
autoSlideStoppable: true,
// Use this method for navigation when auto-sliding
autoSlideMethod: Reveal.navigateNext,
// Enable slide navigation via mouse wheel
mouseWheel: false,
// Hides the address bar on mobile devices
hideAddressBar: true,
// Opens links in an iframe preview overlay
previewLinks: false,
// Transition style
transition: 'slide', // none/fade/slide/convex/concave/zoom
// Transition speed
transitionSpeed: 'default', // default/fast/slow
// Transition style for full page slide backgrounds
backgroundTransition: 'fade', // none/fade/slide/convex/concave/zoom
// Number of slides away from the current that are visible
viewDistance: 3,
// Parallax background image
parallaxBackgroundImage: '', // e.g. "'https://s3.amazonaws.com/hakim-static/reveal-js/reveal-parallax-1.jpg'"
// Parallax background size
parallaxBackgroundSize: '', // CSS syntax, e.g. "2100px 900px"
// Number of pixels to move the parallax background per slide
// - Calculated automatically unless specified
// - Set to 0 to disable movement along an axis
parallaxBackgroundHorizontal: null,
parallaxBackgroundVertical: null
});
The configuration can be updated after initialization using the ```configure``` method:
javascript // Turn autoSlide off Reveal.configure({ autoSlide: 0 });
// Start auto-sliding every 5s Reveal.configure({ autoSlide: 5000 });
### Presentation Size
All presentations have a normal size, that is the resolution at which they are authored. The framework will automatically scale presentations uniformly based on this size to ensure that everything fits on any given display or viewport.
See below for a list of configuration options related to sizing, including default values:
javascript Reveal.initialize({
...
// The "normal" size of the presentation, aspect ratio will be preserved
// when the presentation is scaled to fit different resolutions. Can be
// specified using percentage units.
width: 960,
height: 700,
// Factor of the display size that should remain empty around the content
margin: 0.1,
// Bounds for smallest/largest possible scale to apply to content
minScale: 0.2,
maxScale: 1.5
});
If you wish to disable this behavior and do your own scaling (e.g. using media queries), try these settings:
javascript Reveal.initialize({
...
width: "100%",
height: "100%",
margin: 0,
minScale: 1,
maxScale: 1
});
### Dependencies
Reveal.js doesn't _rely_ on any third party scripts to work but a few optional libraries are included by default. These libraries are loaded as dependencies in the order they appear, for example:
javascript Reveal.initialize({
dependencies: [
// Cross-browser shim that fully implements classList - https://github.com/eligrey/classList.js/
{ src: 'lib/js/classList.js', condition: function() { return !document.body.classList; } },
// Interpret Markdown in <section> elements
{ src: 'plugin/markdown/marked.js', condition: function() { return !!document.querySelector( '[data-markdown]' ); } },
{ src: 'plugin/markdown/markdown.js', condition: function() { return !!document.querySelector( '[data-markdown]' ); } },
// Syntax highlight for <code> elements
{ src: 'plugin/highlight/highlight.js', async: true, callback: function() { hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad(); } },
// Zoom in and out with Alt+click
{ src: 'plugin/zoom-js/zoom.js', async: true },
// Speaker notes
{ src: 'plugin/notes/notes.js', async: true },
// MathJax
{ src: 'plugin/math/math.js', async: true }
]
});
You can add your own extensions using the same syntax. The following properties are available for each dependency object:
- **src**: Path to the script to load
- **async**: [optional] Flags if the script should load after reveal.js has started, defaults to false
- **callback**: [optional] Function to execute when the script has loaded
- **condition**: [optional] Function which must return true for the script to be loaded
To load these dependencies, reveal.js requires [head.js](http://headjs.com/) *(a script loading library)* to be loaded before reveal.js.
### Ready Event
A 'ready' event is fired when reveal.js has loaded all non-async dependencies and is ready to start navigating. To check if reveal.js is already 'ready' you can call `Reveal.isReady()`.
javascript Reveal.addEventListener( 'ready', function( event ) {
// event.currentSlide, event.indexh, event.indexv
} );
Note that we also add a `.ready` class to the `.reveal` element so that you can hook into this with CSS.
### Auto-sliding
Presentations can be configured to progress through slides automatically, without any user input. To enable this you will need to tell the framework how many milliseconds it should wait between slides:
javascript // Slide every five seconds Reveal.configure({ autoSlide: 5000 });
When this is turned on a control element will appear that enables users to pause and resume auto-sliding. Alternatively, sliding can be paused or resumed by pressing »a« on the keyboard. Sliding is paused automatically as soon as the user starts navigating. You can disable these controls by specifying ```autoSlideStoppable: false``` in your reveal.js config.
You can also override the slide duration for individual slides and fragments by using the ```data-autoslide``` attribute:
html
<p>After 2 seconds the first fragment will be shown.</p>
<p class="fragment" data-autoslide="10000">After 10 seconds the next fragment will be shown.</p>
<p class="fragment">Now, the fragment is displayed for 2 seconds before the next slide is shown.</p>
To override the method used for navigation when auto-sliding, you can specify the ```autoSlideMethod``` setting. To only navigate along the top layer and ignore vertical slides, set this to ```Reveal.navigateRight```.
Whenever the auto-slide mode is resumed or paused the ```autoslideresumed``` and ```autoslidepaused``` events are fired.
### Keyboard Bindings
If you're unhappy with any of the default keyboard bindings you can override them using the ```keyboard``` config option:
javascript Reveal.configure({ keyboard: {
13: 'next', // go to the next slide when the ENTER key is pressed
27: function() {}, // do something custom when ESC is pressed
32: null // don't do anything when SPACE is pressed (i.e. disable a reveal.js default binding)
} });
### Touch Navigation
You can swipe to navigate through a presentation on any touch-enabled device. Horizontal swipes change between horizontal slides, vertical swipes change between vertical slides. If you wish to disable this you can set the `touch` config option to false when initializing reveal.js.
If there's some part of your content that needs to remain accessible to touch events you'll need to highlight this by adding a `data-prevent-swipe` attribute to the element. One common example where this is useful is elements that need to be scrolled.
### Lazy Loading
When working on presentation with a lot of media or iframe content it's important to load lazily. Lazy loading means that reveal.js will only load content for the few slides nearest to the current slide. The number of slides that are preloaded is determined by the `viewDistance` configuration option.
To enable lazy loading all you need to do is change your "src" attributes to "data-src" as shown below. This is supported for image, video, audio and iframe elements. Lazy loaded iframes will also unload when the containing slide is no longer visible.
html
<source data-src="video.webm" type="video/webm" />
<source data-src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
### API
The ``Reveal`` object exposes a JavaScript API for controlling navigation and reading state:
javascript // Navigation Reveal.slide( indexh, indexv, indexf ); Reveal.left(); Reveal.right(); Reveal.up(); Reveal.down(); Reveal.prev(); Reveal.next(); Reveal.prevFragment(); Reveal.nextFragment();
// Randomize the order of slides Reveal.shuffle();
// Shows a help overlay with keyboard shortcuts Reveal.showHelp();
// Toggle presentation states, optionally pass true/false to force on/off Reveal.toggleOverview(); Reveal.togglePause(); Reveal.toggleAutoSlide();
// Change a config value at runtime Reveal.configure({ controls: true });
// Returns the present configuration options Reveal.getConfig();
// Fetch the current scale of the presentation Reveal.getScale();
// Retrieves the previous and current slide elements Reveal.getPreviousSlide(); Reveal.getCurrentSlide();
Reveal.getIndices(); // { h: 0, v: 0 } } Reveal.getProgress(); // 0-1 Reveal.getTotalSlides();
// Returns the speaker notes for the current slide Reveal.getSlideNotes();
// State checks Reveal.isFirstSlide(); Reveal.isLastSlide(); Reveal.isOverview(); Reveal.isPaused(); Reveal.isAutoSliding();
### Slide Changed Event
A 'slidechanged' event is fired each time the slide is changed (regardless of state). The event object holds the index values of the current slide as well as a reference to the previous and current slide HTML nodes.
Some libraries, like MathJax (see [#226](https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js/issues/226#issuecomment-10261609)), get confused by the transforms and display states of slides. Often times, this can be fixed by calling their update or render function from this callback.
javascript Reveal.addEventListener( 'slidechanged', function( event ) {
// event.previousSlide, event.currentSlide, event.indexh, event.indexv
} );
### Presentation State
The presentation's current state can be fetched by using the `getState` method. A state object contains all of the information required to put the presentation back as it was when `getState` was first called. Sort of like a snapshot. It's a simple object that can easily be stringified and persisted or sent over the wire.
javascript Reveal.slide( 1 ); // we're on slide 1
var state = Reveal.getState();
Reveal.slide( 3 ); // we're on slide 3
Reveal.setState( state ); // we're back on slide 1
### Slide States
If you set ``data-state="somestate"`` on a slide ``<section>``, "somestate" will be applied as a class on the document element when that slide is opened. This allows you to apply broad style changes to the page based on the active slide.
Furthermore you can also listen to these changes in state via JavaScript:
javascript Reveal.addEventListener( 'somestate', function() {
// TODO: Sprinkle magic
}, false );
### Slide Backgrounds
Slides are contained within a limited portion of the screen by default to allow them to fit any display and scale uniformly. You can apply full page backgrounds outside of the slide area by adding a ```data-background``` attribute to your ```<section>``` elements. Four different types of backgrounds are supported: color, image, video and iframe.
##### Color Backgrounds
All CSS color formats are supported, like rgba() or hsl().
html
<h2>Color</h2>
##### Image Backgrounds
By default, background images are resized to cover the full page. Available options:
| Attribute | Default | Description |
| :--------------------------- | :--------- | :---------- |
| data-background-image | | URL of the image to show. GIFs restart when the slide opens. |
| data-background-size | cover | See [background-size](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/background-size) on MDN. |
| data-background-position | center | See [background-position](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/background-position) on MDN. |
| data-background-repeat | no-repeat | See [background-repeat](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/background-repeat) on MDN. |
html
<h2>Image</h2>
<h2>This background image will be sized to 100px and repeated</h2>
##### Video Backgrounds
Automatically plays a full size video behind the slide.
| Attribute | Default | Description |
| :--------------------------- | :------ | :---------- |
| data-background-video | | A single video source, or a comma separated list of video sources. |
| data-background-video-loop | false | Flags if the video should play repeatedly. |
| data-background-video-muted | false | Flags if the audio should be muted. |
html
<h2>Video</h2>
##### Iframe Backgrounds
Embeds a web page as a background. Note that since the iframe is in the background layer, behind your slides, it is not possible to interact with the embedded page.
html
<h2>Iframe</h2>
##### Background Transitions
Backgrounds transition using a fade animation by default. This can be changed to a linear sliding transition by passing ```backgroundTransition: 'slide'``` to the ```Reveal.initialize()``` call. Alternatively you can set ```data-background-transition``` on any section with a background to override that specific transition.
### Parallax Background
If you want to use a parallax scrolling background, set the first two config properties below when initializing reveal.js (the other two are optional).
javascript Reveal.initialize({
// Parallax background image
parallaxBackgroundImage: '', // e.g. "https://s3.amazonaws.com/hakim-static/reveal-js/reveal-parallax-1.jpg"
// Parallax background size
parallaxBackgroundSize: '', // CSS syntax, e.g. "2100px 900px" - currently only pixels are supported (don't use % or auto)
// Number of pixels to move the parallax background per slide
// - Calculated automatically unless specified
// - Set to 0 to disable movement along an axis
parallaxBackgroundHorizontal: 200,
parallaxBackgroundVertical: 50
});
Make sure that the background size is much bigger than screen size to allow for some scrolling. [View example](http://lab.hakim.se/reveal-js/?parallaxBackgroundImage=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Fhakim-static%2Freveal-js%2Freveal-parallax-1.jpg¶llaxBackgroundSize=2100px%20900px).
### Slide Transitions
The global presentation transition is set using the ```transition``` config value. You can override the global transition for a specific slide by using the ```data-transition``` attribute:
html
<h2>This slide will override the presentation transition and zoom!</h2>
grow
shrink
fade-out
fade-up (also down, left and right!)
visible only once
blue only once
highlight-red
highlight-green
highlight-blue
Appears last
Appears first
Appears second
` element.
```html
(def lazy-fib
(concat
[0 1]
((fn rfib [a b]
(lazy-cons (+ a b) (rfib b (+ a b)))) 0 1)))
```
### Slide number
If you would like to display the page number of the current slide you can do so using the ```slideNumber``` configuration value.
```javascript
// Shows the slide number using default formatting
Reveal.configure({ slideNumber: true });
// Slide number formatting can be configured using these variables:
// "h.v": horizontal . vertical slide number (default)
// "h/v": horizontal / vertical slide number
// "c": flattened slide number
// "c/t": flattened slide number / total slides
Reveal.configure({ slideNumber: 'c/t' });
```
### Overview mode
Press "Esc" or "o" keys to toggle the overview mode on and off. While you're in this mode, you can still navigate between slides,
as if you were at 1,000 feet above your presentation. The overview mode comes with a few API hooks:
```javascript
Reveal.addEventListener( 'overviewshown', function( event ) { /* ... */ } );
Reveal.addEventListener( 'overviewhidden', function( event ) { /* ... */ } );
// Toggle the overview mode programmatically
Reveal.toggleOverview();
```
### Fullscreen mode
Just press »F« on your keyboard to show your presentation in fullscreen mode. Press the »ESC« key to exit fullscreen mode.
### Embedded media
Embedded HTML5 ``/`` and YouTube iframes are automatically paused when you navigate away from a slide. This can be disabled by decorating your element with a `data-ignore` attribute.
Add `data-autoplay` to your media element if you want it to automatically start playing when the slide is shown:
```html
```
Additionally the framework automatically pushes two [post messages](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window.postMessage) to all iframes, ```slide:start``` when the slide containing the iframe is made visible and ```slide:stop``` when it is hidden.
### Stretching elements
Sometimes it's desirable to have an element, like an image or video, stretch to consume as much space as possible within a given slide. This can be done by adding the ```.stretch``` class to an element as seen below:
```html
This video will use up the remaining space on the slide
```
Limitations:
- Only direct descendants of a slide section can be stretched
- Only one descendant per slide section can be stretched
### postMessage API
The framework has a built-in postMessage API that can be used when communicating with a presentation inside of another window. Here's an example showing how you'd make a reveal.js instance in the given window proceed to slide 2:
```javascript
.postMessage( JSON.stringify({ method: 'slide', args: [ 2 ] }), '*' );
```
When reveal.js runs inside of an iframe it can optionally bubble all of its events to the parent. Bubbled events are stringified JSON with three fields: namespace, eventName and state. Here's how you subscribe to them from the parent window:
```javascript
window.addEventListener( 'message', function( event ) {
var data = JSON.parse( event.data );
if( data.namespace === 'reveal' && data.eventName ==='slidechanged' ) {
// Slide changed, see data.state for slide number
}
} );
```
This cross-window messaging can be toggled on or off using configuration flags.
```javascript
Reveal.initialize({
...,
// Exposes the reveal.js API through window.postMessage
postMessage: true,
// Dispatches all reveal.js events to the parent window through postMessage
postMessageEvents: false
});
```
## PDF Export
Presentations can be exported to PDF via a special print stylesheet. This feature requires that you use [Google Chrome](http://google.com/chrome) or [Chromium](https://www.chromium.org/Home) and to be serving the presention from a webserver.
Here's an example of an exported presentation that's been uploaded to SlideShare: http://www.slideshare.net/hakimel/revealjs-300.
Export dimensions are inferred from the configured [presentation size](#presentation-size). Slides that are too tall to fit within a single page will expand onto multiple pages. You can limit how many pages a slide may expand onto using the `pdfMaxPagesPerSlide` config option, for example `Reveal.configure({ pdfMaxPagesPerSlide: 1 })` ensures that no slide ever grows to more than one printed page.
1. Open your presentation with `print-pdf` included in the query string i.e. http://localhost:8000/?print-pdf#/. This triggers the default index HTML to load the PDF print stylesheet ([css/print/pdf.css](https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js/blob/master/css/print/pdf.css)). You can test this with [lab.hakim.se/reveal-js?print-pdf](http://lab.hakim.se/reveal-js?print-pdf).
2. Open the in-browser print dialog (CTRL/CMD+P).
3. Change the **Destination** setting to **Save as PDF**.
4. Change the **Layout** to **Landscape**.
5. Change the **Margins** to **None**.
6. Enable the **Background graphics** option.
7. Click **Save**.

Alternatively you can use the [decktape](https://github.com/astefanutti/decktape) project.
## Theming
The framework comes with a few different themes included:
- black: Black background, white text, blue links (default theme)
- white: White background, black text, blue links
- league: Gray background, white text, blue links (default theme for reveal.js < 3.0.0)
- beige: Beige background, dark text, brown links
- sky: Blue background, thin dark text, blue links
- night: Black background, thick white text, orange links
- serif: Cappuccino background, gray text, brown links
- simple: White background, black text, blue links
- solarized: Cream-colored background, dark green text, blue links
Each theme is available as a separate stylesheet. To change theme you will need to replace **black** below with your desired theme name in index.html:
```html
```
If you want to add a theme of your own see the instructions here: [/css/theme/README.md](https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js/blob/master/css/theme/README.md).
## Speaker Notes
reveal.js comes with a speaker notes plugin which can be used to present per-slide notes in a separate browser window. The notes window also gives you a preview of the next upcoming slide so it may be helpful even if you haven't written any notes. Press the 's' key on your keyboard to open the notes window.
A speaker timer starts as soon as the speaker view is opened. You can reset it to 00:00:00 at any time by simply clicking/tapping on it.
Notes are defined by appending an ```